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英文名：Ginsenoside Ro

中文名：人參皂苷Ro

CAS號：34367-04-9

分子式：C₄₈H₇₆O₁₉

分子量：957.12g/mol

結(jié)構(gòu)類型：Triterpenoids

來源：人參(Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.)

溶解性：溶于甲醇、水、DMSO，不溶于乙腈

LogP：2.7

藥理活性作用
一、抗炎及抗氧化作用
1.糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變(DR)

人參皂苷Ro通過調(diào)節(jié)AGEs損傷內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞中的線粒體氧化應(yīng)激和自噬來保護內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞。此外，還通過改善糖尿病小鼠視網(wǎng)膜厚度、減少血管增生及抗炎抗氧化作用改善DR進(jìn)展。從作用機制而言，人參皂苷Ro促進(jìn)Epac1介導(dǎo)的AMPK信號通路激活。^[1]
2.腦缺血再灌注損傷

人參皂苷Ro具有顯著的抗氧化活性，通過激活Nrf2/HO-1信號通路，減少OGD/R誘導(dǎo)的SH-SY5Y細(xì)胞氧化應(yīng)激和凋亡，表現(xiàn)出潛在的藥用價值，可能成為治療腦缺血再灌注損傷的一種前景藥物。^[2]
3.骨關(guān)節(jié)炎(OA)

人參皂苷Ro通過抑制NF-κB信號通路，顯著抑制了IL-1β誘導(dǎo)的大鼠軟骨細(xì)胞的凋亡和炎癥，具有作為OA治療的潛在天然藥物的潛力。^[3]
4.其他抗炎作用

在脂多糖(LPS)誘導(dǎo)的C57BL/6小鼠和RAW264.7巨噬細(xì)胞炎癥模型中，人參皂苷Ro通過直接抑制TLR4信號通路發(fā)揮抗炎作用。^[4]
二、神經(jīng)保護作用
1.阿爾茲海默癥

人參皂苷Ro通過減少Aβ沉積、改善神經(jīng)元凋亡和神經(jīng)炎癥，以及調(diào)控MAPK通路來實現(xiàn)改善空間探索能力、記憶認(rèn)知功能。具有開發(fā)成為AD治療藥物的潛力。^[5][6]

三、血管保護作用
人參皂苷Ro通過抑制PI3K/Akt信號通路，顯著抑制了血小板聚集、纖維蛋白原和纖連蛋白的結(jié)合以及血塊回縮。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)表明人參皂苷Ro可能具有預(yù)防血栓形成和其他血小板介導(dǎo)的心血管疾病的潛力。^[8]
此外，G-Ro通過減弱cPLA2的磷酸化和減少AA的釋放來抑制TXA2的生成，從而對抗血栓素相關(guān)的血栓形成。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)為G-Ro作為抗血小板藥物的潛在應(yīng)用提供了理論依據(jù)。^[9]
四、抗癌作用
研究者通過酶轉(zhuǎn)化將人參皂苷Ro轉(zhuǎn)化為人參葡萄糖基齊墩果酸(GGO)，通過抑制PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α信號通路，減少HIF-1α的核轉(zhuǎn)位和VEGF的表達(dá)，從而抑制宮頸癌細(xì)胞的增殖和血管生成。^[10]

五、抗微生物作用

人參皂苷Ro通過抑制SopB和SopE2的活性，阻斷RAC1/CDC42/ARP2/3信號通路，減少沙門氏菌(S.Typhimurium)的入侵和復(fù)制，從而改善小鼠的結(jié)腸炎癥狀。^[11]

普思生物可大量供應(yīng)人參皂苷Ro，我司可提供百克級現(xiàn)貨及公斤級定制。

理化數(shù)據(jù)來源：普思生物官網(wǎng)、PubChem、HMDB
參考文獻(xiàn)：
[1] Liu J, Zhang Y, Xu X, Dong X, Pan Y, Sun X, Luo Y. Ginsenoside Ro prevents endothelial injury via promoting Epac1/AMPK- mediated mitochondria protection in early diabetic retinopathy. Pharmacol Res. 2025 Jan;211:107562.
[2] 張苗苗,胡利明,周全,等.人參皂苷Ro對氧糖剝奪/復(fù)糖復(fù)氧誘導(dǎo)SH-SY5Y細(xì)胞損傷的保護作用及機制[J].中國神經(jīng)免疫學(xué)和神經(jīng)病學(xué)雜志,2025,32(01):35-41.
[3] Zhang XH, Xu XX, Xu T. Ginsenoside Ro suppresses interleukin-1β-induced apoptosis and inflammation in rat chondrocytes by inhibiting NF-κB. Chin J Nat Med. 2015 Apr;13(4):283-9.
[4] Xu HL, Chen GH, Wu YT, Xie LP, Tan ZB, Liu B, Fan HJ, Chen HM, Huang GQ, Liu M, Zhou YC. Ginsenoside Ro, an oleanolic saponin of Panax ginseng, exerts anti-inflammatory effect by direct inhibiting toll like receptor 4 signaling pathway. J Ginseng Res. 2022 Jan;46(1):156-166.
[5] Li T, Chen J, Xie Z, Fang J, Wu Q, Cao X, Chen Z, Wang Y, Fan Q, Wang Q, Liu J. Ginsenoside Ro ameliorates cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation in APP/PS1 mice via the IBA1/GFAP-MAPK signaling pathway. Front Pharmacol. 2025 Feb 24;16:1528590.
[6] Li Y, Wang T, Li H, Jiang Y, Shen X, Kang N, Guo Z, Zhang R, Lu X, Kang T, Li M, Hou Y, Wu Y. Targeting LKB1-AMPK-SIRT1-induced autophagy and mitophagy pathways improves cerebrovascular homeostasis in APP/PS1 mice. Free Radic Biol Med. 2025 Apr 1:S0891-5849(25)00195-9.
[7] Ren JL, Zhang XL, Zhao LJ, Wen GY, Liu JF, Meng QY, Yang Z, Song LL, Zhang YJ. Unveiling the neuroprotective mystery of Kaixinsan: identifying and validating the neuroprotective ingredients under the perspective of gut - brain axis regulation. J Asian Nat Prod Res. 2025 Mar 3:1-18.
[8] Kwon HW. Inhibitory Effects of Ginsenoside Ro on Clot Retraction through Suppressing PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway in Human Platelets. Prev Nutr Food Sci. 2019 Mar;24(1):56-63.
[9] Shin JH, Kwon HW, Rhee MH, Park HJ. Inhibitory effects of thromboxane A2 generation by ginsenoside Ro due to attenuation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 phosphorylation and arachidonic acid release. J Ginseng Res. 2019 Apr;43(2):236-241.
[10] Liu S, Ai Z, Hu Y, Ren G, Zhang J, Tang P, Zou H, Li X, Wang Y, Nan B, Wang Y. Ginseng glucosyl oleanolate inhibit cervical cancer cell proliferation and angiogenesis via PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α pathway. NPJ Sci Food. 2024 Dec 19;8(1):105.
[11] Cui X, Wang Y, Liu Z, Zhao M, Zhu M, Yu W, Lu B, Xu H, Liu J, Liao N, Shi J, Peng D, Niu S, Shen J, Qiu J, Yu L. Ginsenoside Ro improves Salmonella Typhimurium-induced colitis through inhibition of the virulence factors SopB and SopE2 via the RAC1/CDC42/ARP2/3 pathway. FASEB J. 2024 Dec 13;38(24):e70282.
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